Déverrouiller l'économie des petits boulots : Clarification du statut d'emploi des travailleurs de la gig economy
Mots-clés :
Gig Economy, Entrepreneurship, Gig Workers, Uberization, Platform Work, App-Based Economy, Algorithms, Precarious WorkersRésumé
Cette étude examine la croissance rapide de l'économie des petits boulots, un secteur dynamique alimenté par des plateformes numériques qui mettent en relation la demande du marché et les talents qualifiés. Bien que ce secteur suscite une attention considérable dans divers domaines académiques, l'absence d'une définition claire et universellement acceptée du travail de petits boulots a entraîné une ambiguïté persistante concernant le statut d'emploi des travailleurs concernés. Cette recherche vise à clarifier cette question en menant une analyse approfondie de la littérature existante sur le travail de petits boulots, avec un accent particulier sur Uber. Uber classe ses chauffeurs comme des travailleurs indépendants, mais notre analyse suggère que l’entreprise agit comme un entrepreneur institutionnel, remettant en question les classifications traditionnelles de l’emploi. Nous soutenons que les chauffeurs d’Uber occupent une position unique et précaire, caractérisée par une autonomie limitée et une surveillance algorithmique, qui échappe aux définitions standards des travailleurs indépendants, des employés ou des entrepreneurs. Cette étude souligne l'urgence de développer un cadre de classification clair et complet pour les travailleurs de la gig economy, afin de résoudre la confusion rencontrée par les parties prenantes dans cette économie en évolution.
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