Une Analyse Critique du Rôle Joué par la Libre Circulation des Personnes dans le Développement Économique de la Région CEDEAO
Mots-clés :
Libre circulation des personnes, Développement économique, Intégration économiqueRésumé
La Communauté Économique des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO) a adopté en 1979 le protocole sur la libre circulation des personnes dans le but d'accorder aux citoyens de la communauté les droits de libre circulation, de résidence et d'établissement. Plus de quarante ans après l'adoption du traité, cet article examine le parcours de la libre circulation dans la région. Seule la première des trois étapes de la mise en œuvre des dispositions du traité a été franchie ; la non-réalisation complète de la mise en œuvre est due à certains défis qui ont fait l'objet de multiples traitements. La libre circulation des personnes entre dans la sphère de l'intégration économique régionale dont l'objectif est d'améliorer le niveau socio-économique des États membres ; dans ce domaine, l'UE est le modèle le plus avancé. Ainsi, la libre circulation dans la CEDEAO peut être abordée à la lumière du cas de l'UE. En procédant à une analyse comparative entre les deux communautés, il apparaît que les éléments qui ont assuré le succès de l'Europe font défaut à la CEDEAO. En outre, un examen de la réalité dans la région montre une complexité qui est propre aux pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Par conséquent, il apparaît que les efforts visant à mettre pleinement en œuvre la libre circulation, afin qu'elle puisse contribuer à l'amélioration du développement économique des pays de la CEDEAO, doivent être précédés par la satisfaction de nombreuses conditions à différents niveaux.
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